O Calendário Nacional de Vacinação está oferecendo gratuitamente, até julho, a vacina meningocócica C (Conjugada) para crianças de até dez anos, 11 meses e 29 dias de idade que não tenham nenhuma dose do imunizante registrada no cartão.
A vacina já é disponibilizada em postos de saúde de todo o país para menores de cinco anos de idade, sendo administrada regularmente em esquema de duas doses, aos três e cinco meses de vida, e uma dose de reforço, preferencialmente, aos 12 meses de idade. Normalmente, para as crianças que por algum motivo perderam a oportunidade de receber a vacina nas idades indicadas, recomenda-se a administração de uma dose até os quatro anos, 11 meses e 29 dias de idade.
A ampliação temporária da administração da meningocócica C (Conjugada) para crianças com dez anos ainda não vacinadas tem como objetivo aumentar a proteção contra a doença, um dos tipos de meningite mais agressivos e que pode levar rapidamente à morte ou deixar graves sequelas. No ano de 2021, em Minas Gerais, foram registrados 17 casos de doença meningocócica e quatro óbitos. Já em 2022, até o momento, foram seis casos e uma morte.
A vacina é a principal forma de prevenção. Em 2020, a cobertura vacinal em Minas Gerais para a meningocócica C (Conjugada) foi de 86,43% em menores de 1 ano e de 85,67% em crianças de um ano de idade ou mais. Já em 2021, a cobertura registrada foi de 73,7% nos menores de um ano e de 72,26% para os maiores de um ano de idade. A meta preconizada pelo Ministério da Saúde é a cobertura vacinal de 95% dentro do público indicado para receber o imunizante.
– A doença
A meningite é uma infecção que atinge as meninges, membranas que envolvem o cérebro e a medula espinhal. Embora todos os tipos de meningites demandem rigor no acompanhamento do quadro clínico, a meningite do tipo doença meningocócica apresenta maior gravidade.
“Todas deixam sequelas e levam à morte, porém a doença meningocócica tem evolução para óbito em até 24h, além de sequelas que vão de surdez até amputação de membros”, reforça Fernanda Barbosa, referência técnica da Coordenadoria de Doenças e Agravos Transmissíveis da Secretaria de Estado de Saúde de Minas Gerais (SES-MG).
Fernanda explica que a doença meningocócica é a infecção causada por uma bactéria (meningococo), podendo apresentar vários sorogrupos, sendo A, B, C, W, X e Y os mais importantes. “A garganta dos seres humanos é o reservatório natural desse microrganismo, portanto, a sua transmissão ocorre por meio de partículas eliminadas durante a respiração, a fala, a tosse, o espirro, o beijo ou, ainda, por meio de contato direto com secreções respiratórias de pacientes ou portadores assintomáticos”, diz.
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