Nesta segunda-feira (12) entra em vigor a Lei n° 14.071/2020, que promove mais de 50 alterações no Código de Trânsito Brasileiro (CTB). Algumas das principais mudanças estão relacionadas à Carteira Nacional de Habilitação (CNH), como a extensão do prazo de validade do documento e o aumento do número de pontos para a suspensão do direito de dirigir. Veja a seguir os principais pontos da lei:
– Validade da habilitação
As CNHs, expedidas a partir desta segunda passam a ter validade de dez anos para condutores com até 50 anos de idade; cinco anos para condutores de 50 a 70 anos; e de três anos para condutores acima de 70 anos. Os prazos poderão ser diminuídos a critério do médico perito quando houver indícios de deficiência física ou mental, bem como progressividade de doença que comprometa a capacidade para a condução de veículo.
– Limite de pontos
O limite de pontos para a suspensão da CNH será ampliado. O motorista que não cometer infração gravíssima em 12 meses passa a responder processo administrativo para suspensão da habilitação a partir de 40 pontos. Se tiver cometido uma infração gravíssima, o limite de pontuação será de 30. Com duas infrações gravíssimas em um ano, permanece o limite de 20 pontos. Motoristas profissionais terão limite de 40 pontos, independente da natureza das infrações, e poderão fazer curso de reciclagem sempre que atingirem 30 pontos, em até 12 meses.
– Formação de condutores
Com a lei, os candidatos à habilitação não precisam mais aguardar 15 dias para realizar novo exame de legislação ou direção. Já as aulas noturnas do curso prático de formação de condutores deixam de ser obrigatórias.
– Exame toxicológico
O exame toxicológico será obrigatório para a alteração de categoria e renovação das CNHs nas categorias C, D e E. Os condutores com idade inferior a 70 anos deverão realizar o exame a cada dois anos e meio, independentemente da validade dos demais exames. Se o resultado for positivo, haverá a suspensão do direito de dirigir por três meses. Caso o motorista de uma dessas categorias for flagrado dirigindo sem realizar o exame toxicológico, após 30 dias do prazo estabelecido, será aplicada multa gravíssima no valor de R$1.467,35, além de três meses de suspensão do direito de dirigir.
– Porte da habilitação
O porte da CNH, em meio físico ou digital, será dispensado quando, no momento da fiscalização, for possível ter acesso ao sistema para verificar a habilitação do condutor.
– Transporte de crianças
A nova lei estabelece que crianças com até 10 anos, e que não tenham atingido 1,45 metro de altura, deverão ser transportadas em banco traseiro e com dispositivo de retenção adequado considerando idade, peso e altura. Motoristas que descumprirem a regra receberão multa gravíssima, no valor de R$293,47 e sete pontos na habilitação. Não será permitido o transporte de crianças menores de 10 anos, bem como de pessoas impossibilitadas de cuidarem da própria segurança, na garupa de motocicletas. Nessas infrações, o motociclista recebe multa de R$293,47 e suspensão do direito de dirigir.
– Advertência por escrito
Caso o condutor não tenha cometido nenhuma outra infração nos últimos 12 meses, a penalidade para infrações de natureza leve ou média, passível de multa, será convertida em advertência por escrito.
– Cadastro positivo
Por meio da Lei 14.071/20, foi criado o Registro Nacional Positivo de Condutores (RNPC), no qual serão cadastrados motoristas que não cometeram infração de trânsito sujeita à pontuação nos últimos 12 meses. O RNPC ainda será regulamentado pelos órgãos competentes.
– Sistema de notificação eletrônica
Os órgãos de trânsito deverão implantar o Sistema de Notificação Eletrônica (SNE). Ao optar pela utilização do SNE, o proprietário do veículo passa a ser notificado eletronicamente sobre as infrações de trânsito e tem a possibilidade de pagar as multas com 40% de desconto. O sistema também permitirá que o cidadão protocole defesas e recursos.
– Prazos para notificação de penalidade
A nova lei prevê prazos para a expedição da notificação de penalidade pelo órgão de trânsito. Caso a defesa prévia não seja apresentada no prazo ou receba indeferimento, o limite para expedição da multa será de 180 dias, a partir da data da infração. Se a defesa for apresentada conforme o prazo, o órgão de trânsito deverá julgá-la e expedir a notificação de penalidade em até 360 dias. Não sendo cumpridos os prazos, a penalidade não poderá ser aplicada.
– Indicação de real condutor e defesa
Quando não for imediata a identificação do real condutor, o prazo para indicação do infrator e defesa prévia aumenta de 15 para 30 dias, contados a partir da notificação da autuação.
– Comunicação de venda do veículo
O prazo para o antigo proprietário realizar a comunicação de venda do veículo passa a ser de 60 dias, o dobro do tempo estipulado anteriormente.
– Mais proteção para ciclistas
Passa a ser infração gravíssima não reduzir a velocidade ao ultrapassar ciclistas, e infração grave estacionar sobre ciclovias ou ciclofaixas.
– Recall
As campanhas para chamamento de fabricante visando a substituição ou o reparo do veículo deverão constar no Certificado de Licenciamento Anual (CLA), se não atendidas no prazo de um ano. Caso o proprietário não atenda à convocação, o veículo não será licenciado.
– Luz baixa em rodovias
Para veículos que não dispuserem de luzes de rodagem diurna, o uso de faróis acesos durante o dia será obrigatório em rodovias de pistas simples que estejam fora do perímetro urbano, dentro de túneis, assim como em casos de neblina, chuva ou cerração.
– Penas alternativas
De acordo com o novo CTB, motoristas envolvidos em homicídio culposo ou lesão corporal culposa – qualificados pela condução sob efeito de álcool ou drogas – não poderão solicitar a conversão de penas privativas de liberdade para penas restritivas de direito, também conhecidas como penas alternativas, em que são prestados serviços à sociedade, por exemplo.
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