A pandemia da covid-19 contribuiu para o aumento do uso de álcool, tanto líquido quanto em gel, no ambiente doméstico. No entanto, a utilização exige precaução, especialmente durante o período de isolamento social recomendado pelos órgãos de saúde, já que algumas famílias têm passado a maior do tempo em casa e, portanto, podem estar mais suscetíveis a acidentes envolvendo o produto.
A questão tem preocupado a equipe da Unidade de Tratamento de Queimados (UTQ) Dr. Ivo Pitanguy do Hospital João XXIII (HJXXIII) – um dos centros de referência no país para esse tipo de atendimento. Os dados de admissão em enfermaria e em terapia intensiva, em 2020 e 2021, demonstram a gravidade das queimaduras causadas por álcool.
Entre os quase 430 casos de internação, em 2020, admitidos no 8º andar da unidade – área dedicada aos médios e grandes queimados – 93 tiveram o álcool como agente causador do acidente, o que representa pouco mais de 20%. No entanto, quando se considera as queimaduras ainda mais graves, o produto aparece com maior frequência: entre os 110 pacientes que passaram pela UTI específica para o tratamento de queimados do HJXXIII, no ano passado, 39 foram devido ao uso de álcool – número equivalente a mais de 30% das ocorrências.
Em 2021, a estatística apresentou crescimento: nos quatro primeiros meses deste ano, o 8º andar do HJXXIII recebeu 138 pacientes, sendo 40 por queimaduras causadas por álcool – quase 30% das internações. Já na UTI de queimados, nesse mesmo intervalo de tempo, 17 das 41 admissões foram por acidentes envolvendo a substância. Ou seja, mais de 40% das internações graves, neste ano, ocorrem em razão da má utilização do produto.
De acordo com a cirurgiã plástica e coordenadora do serviço, Kelly Danielle de Araújo, o risco de explosões é potencializado com o uso e o armazenamento de álcool em casa. “As queimaduras por fogo costumam ser as mais profundas e, por isso, as mais graves. Há ainda o perigo da inalação de fumaça e, por consequência, a queimadura de vias aéreas. Por isso, não recomendamos o uso de álcool para higienização da casa tampouco para assepsia de mãos em ambiente doméstico”, ressalta Kelly.
A cirurgiã explica que o álcool deve ser utilizado apenas quando a pessoa está na rua, onde não há outra possibilidade de higienização das mãos. Outra opção é a espuma antisséptica com clorexidina, que dispensa o uso de água e não tem o risco de combustão. Em casa, deve-se dar preferência à água e sabão, friccionando palmas, dorso, dedos e unhas por, pelo menos, 20 segundos antes de enxaguar. Para fazer a limpeza comum da casa, o álcool pode ser substituído por outros produtos sanitizantes mais seguros, como o hipoclorito de sódio (água sanitária) na concentração de 2,0% a 2,5%.
A aplicação do álcool em gel nas mãos ainda exige outros cuidados. “É importante ter cautela para que o produto não espirre nos olhos, o que pode causar queimaduras oculares e, inclusive, sequelas. O fumante também deve redobrar a atenção para não acender o cigarro antes da secagem completa do álcool nas mãos”, enfatiza a médica.
Mais da metade das queimaduras atendidas no HJXXIII, considerando tanto os casos graves quanto os que nem sempre exigem internação, são causadas por contato com líquidos muito quentes – as chamadas escaldaduras. Em 2020, dos 1.537 atendimentos a queimados na unidade, 922 foram em decorrência desse tipo de acidente. Desse total, 181 foram com crianças de 0 a 11 anos.
Com o isolamento social, a precaução deve ser aumentada. “Pedimos aos pais que tomem bastante cuidado com panelas quentes, não as deixando na beirada do fogão e sempre com os cabos virados para o fundo”, pontua a coordenadora da Unidade de Tratamento de Queimados, Kelly Araújo. Outro risco são as queimaduras elétricas. “Se possível, indicamos o uso de protetores de tomadas para evitar que as crianças coloquem o dedo e se queimem”, alerta.
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