A pandemia da Covid-19 fez disparar o alarme no mundo inteiro quanto ao alastramento da doença, mas não é apenas o número de casos de infecção pelo novo Coronavírus que trouxe preocupação às autoridades sanitárias. Os efeitos do confinamento para evitar o vírus também fazem extrapolar outras estatísticas.
Uma delas aponta para uma explosão de mortes provocadas por doenças cardiovasculares. Foi o que mostrou um estudo elaborado no fim do ano passado pelas universidades federais do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) e de Minas Gerais (UFMG), juntamente com a Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia (SBC) e com o Hospital Alberto Urquiza Wanderley, localizado na Paraíba.
As mortes por infarto, AVC e por problemas cardiovasculares cresceram 132% em Manaus em comparação com os números de 2019; em Belém, houve um aumento de 126%; em Fortaleza, 87,7%, seguido de Recife (71,7%), Rio de Janeiro (38,7%) e São Paulo (31,1%).
Esses números são ainda mais preocupantes na comparação entre 2020 e 2021. No ano passado, de acordo com registro da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia, através do Cardiômetro, mais de 380 mil pessoas perderam a vida para alguma doença ou complicação cardíaca. Antes do dia 10 de agosto de 2021, esse registro estava em 243.728 pessoas que não resistiram e vieram a óbito.
Na contramão dos números, a equipe que realizou o estudo observou que a procura por atendimento hospitalar por AVC e ataques cardíacos havia sofrido redução a partir do início da pandemia. Eles concluíram que as pessoas com problemas cardiovasculares estavam morrendo em casa, por medo de ir ao hospital em plena pandemia.
– Desfibrilador próximo às vítimas poderia evitar essas mortes
Uma pessoa, com ou sem histórico de problemas cardíacos, pode sofrer infarto ou mal súbito a qualquer momento. Em muitos casos de emergência, a espera pelo atendimento médico é fatal. A solução, que aumenta muito as chances de sobrevivênciade uma pessoa que enfrenta esse tipo de situação, é a utilização do Desfibrilador Externo Automático (DEA) antes mesmo da chegada do resgate. O aparelho funciona justamente no atendimento pré-hospitalar e pode ser usado também por leigos nos locais onde as pessoas sofrem o mal súbito, seja residências, no trabalho ou nos locais de lazer e esportes. O DEA é a solução que pode garantir a sobrevivência da vítima até ao chegada do atendimento especializado.
“O DEA é um aparelho de uso simples, que poderia salvar a maioria massiva dessas vidas que foram perdidas. Ele garante o atendimento rápido que salva vidas, visto que um tempo maior de 10 minutos para início do atendimento à uma vítima de parada cardíaca já pode ser fatal”, explica Tamara Aires, enfermeira especialista em emergências médicas pela rede Mater Dei.
O DEA é um desfibrilador automático, ou seja, é feito para ser usado justamente antes da chegada do médico porque ele realiza o diagnóstico automático da arritmia cardíaca. Então, o aparelho indica e realiza, se necessário, o tratamento da desfibrilação, que reinicia as batidas cardíacas para reverter a parada cardiorrespiratória. “Esse equipamento portátil é capaz de salvar vidas, independente do local onde o paciente estiver. Sobretudo em tempos de pandemia, o desfibrilador é ainda mais essencial para evitar a morte súbita em casa”, esclarece Tamara Aires.
“Não é fácil dizer isso, mas as mortes por doenças cardiovasculares ocorridas em casa durante a pandemia poderiam ter sido evitadas. Um aparelho como esse ainda não é obrigatório em todos os lugares, apenas alguns com maior circulação de pessoas/. Mas, em vista desse cenário, e de que 86% das mortes dos parada cardíaca acontecem em casa, com deveria ser obrigatório. Mas é importante lembrar que, ainda que não seja uma obrigação legal, a população deve se conscientizar sobre a importância dessa prevenção”, conclui.
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