Um dos principais benefícios trabalhistas do país, o décimo terceiro salário tem a primeira parcela paga até esta sexta-feira (29). A partir de 1º de dezembro, o empregado com carteira assinada começará a receber a segunda parcela, que deve ser paga até 20 de dezembro.
Segundo o Departamento Intersindical de Estatística e Estudos Socioeconômicos (Dieese), o salário extra injetará R$ 321,4 bilhões na economia neste ano. Em média, cada trabalhador deverá receber R$ 3.096,78.
Essas datas valem apenas para os trabalhadores na ativa. Como nos últimos anos, o décimo terceiro dos aposentados e pensionistas do Instituto Nacional do Seguro Social (INSS) foi antecipado. A primeira parcela foi paga entre 24 de abril a 8 de maio. A segunda foi depositada de 24 de maio a 7 de junho.
Quem tem direito
Segundo a Lei 4.090 de 1962, que criou a gratificação natalina, têm direito ao décimo terceiro aposentados, pensionistas e quem trabalhou com carteira assinada por pelo menos 15 dias. Dessa forma, o mês em que o empregado tiver trabalhado 15 dias ou mais será contado como mês inteiro, com pagamento integral da gratificação correspondente àquele mês.
Trabalhadores em licença maternidade e afastados por doença ou por acidente também recebem o benefício. No caso de demissão sem justa causa, o décimo terceiro deve ser calculado proporcionalmente ao período trabalhado e pago junto com a rescisão. No entanto, o trabalhador perde o benefício se for dispensado com justa causa.
Cálculo proporcional
O décimo terceiro salário só será pago integralmente a quem trabalha há pelo menos um ano na mesma empresa. Quem trabalhou menos tempo receberá proporcionalmente. O cálculo é feito da seguinte forma: a cada mês em que trabalha pelo menos 15 dias, o empregado tem direito a 1/12 (um doze avos) do salário total de dezembro. Dessa forma, o cálculo do décimo terceiro considera como um mês inteiro o prazo de 15 dias trabalhados.
A regra que beneficia o trabalhador o prejudica no caso de excesso de faltas sem justificativa. O mês inteiro será descontado do décimo terceiro se o empregado deixar de trabalhar mais de 15 dias no mês e não justificar a ausência. (COM INFOR. AGÊNCIA BRASIL)
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